I roto i te horopaki o te whakawhiti pūngao o te ao me ngā whāinga "waro-rua", kua aro nui te hangarau pākahiko, hei pūtake matua mō te rokiroki pūngao. I ngā tau tata nei, kua puta ake ngā pākahiko konutai-ion (SIB) mai i ngā taiwhanga ki te ahumahi, ā, kua noho hei otinga rokiroki pūngao e tino tumanakohia ana whai muri i ngā pākahiko lithium-ion.
Ngā Mōhiotanga Taketake mō ngā Pūhiko Konutai-ion
Ko ngā pākahiko konutai-ion he momo pākahiko tuarua (ka taea te whakahou) e whakamahi ana i ngā katote konutai (Na⁺) hei kaikawe utu. He rite tonu tā rātou kaupapa mahi ki te kaupapa o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion: i te wā e utu ana, e whakawātea ana hoki, ka neke ngā katote konutai i waenga i te cathode me te anode mā roto i te electrolyte, ka taea ai te penapena me te tuku pūngao.
·Ngā Rauemi MatuaKo te katote te tikanga e whakamahi ana i ngā waikura paparanga, i ngā pūhui polyanionic, i ngā mea rite kikorangi Prussian rānei; ko te anode te nuinga he mea hanga mai i te waro mārō, i te waro ngohengohe rānei; ko te electrolyte he otinga tote konutai.
·Te Pakeketanga o te HangarauI tīmata ngā rangahau i te tekau tau atu i 1980, ā, nā ngā whanaketanga hou o ngā rauemi me ngā tukanga i tino whakapai ake i te kiato pūngao me te roa o te huringa, ā, kua piki haere te whai huatanga o te hokohoko.
Ngā Pūhiko Konutai-Ion me ngā Pūhiko Lithium-Ion: Ngā Rerekētanga Matua me ngā Painga
Ahakoa he rite te hanganga o ngā pākahiko konutai-ion ki ngā pākahiko lithium-ion, he rerekē rawa ēnei i roto i ngā āhuatanga rauemi me ngā āhuatanga tono:
| Ahu Whakataurite | Ngā Pūhiko Konutai-ion | Ngā Pūhiko Lithium-ion |
| Te nui o ngā rauemi | He nui te konutai (2.75% i roto i te kirinuku o Papatūānuku) ā, he whānui te horapa. | He onge te lithium (0.0065%), ā, he nui te kukū i te rohe |
| Utu | He iti ake ngā utu rauemi mata, he pumau ake te mekameka tuku | Te piki me te heke o te utu mō te lithium, te cobalt, me ētahi atu rauemi, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā kawemai |
| Te Kīanga Pūngao | Iti iho (120-160 Wh/kg) | Teitei ake (200-300 Wh/kg) |
| Mahi Pāmahana-Iti | Te pupuri i te kaha >80% i te -20℃ | He ngoikore te mahi i ngā pāmahana iti, ka tere te heke o te kaha |
| Haumaru | He tino pumau te pāmahana, he ātete ake ki te utu nui/te tukunga | Me whakahaere pakari i ngā mōrearea o te rerenga wera |
Ngā Painga Matua o ngā Pūhiko Konutai-ion:
1.Te Utu Iti me te Pumautanga o ngā RauemiHe whānuitia te konutai i roto i te wai moana me ngā kohuke, e whakaiti ana i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā konganuku onge, e whakaheke ana hoki i ngā utu mō te wā roa mā te 30%-40%.
2. Te Haumaru Teitei me te Ataahua ki te TaiaoKore rawa he parahanga konganuku taumaha, he hototahi ki ngā pūnaha irahiko haumaru ake, ā, he pai mō te rokiroki pūngao nui.
3. Whānuitanga o te Awhe Pāmahana UrutauHe mahi tino pai i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana iti, he mea tino pai mō ngā rohe makariri, mō ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao o waho rānei.
Ngā Huarahi Whakamahinga o ngā Pūhiko Konutai-ion
I roto i ngā whanaketanga hangarau, he nui te kaha o ngā pākahiko konutai-ion ki ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei:
1. Ngā Pūnaha Rokiroki Pūngao Tauine Nui (ESS):
Hei otinga tāpiri mō te pūngao hau me te pūngao rā, ka taea e te utu iti me te roa o te ora o ngā pākahiko konutai-ion te whakaiti i te utu hiko taurite (LCOE) me te tautoko i te heu tihi whatunga.
2. Ngā Waka Hiko Tere-iti me ngā Waka Wiira-rua:
I ngā horopaki he iti ake ngā whakaritenga mō te kiato pūngao (hei tauira, ngā pahikara hiko, ngā waka kawe taonga), ka taea e ngā pākahiko konutai-katote te whakakapi i ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata, ā, ka tukuna he painga ki te taiao me te ōhanga.
3. Te Pūnaha Hiko Tārua me te Pūngao Pūngao Teihana Tūāpapa:
Nā te whānui o te awhe pāmahana e pai ai mō ngā hiahia hiko tārua i roto i ngā tono tairongo pāmahana pēnei i ngā teihana turanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā pokapū raraunga.
Ngā Auahatanga Whakawhanake ā-Mārama
E matapaetia ana e ngā matapae ahumahi ka neke atu te mākete pākahiko konutai-ion o te ao i te $5 piriona i te tau 2025, ā, ka eke ki te 10%-15% o te mākete pākahiko lithium-ion i te tau 2030. Ko ngā aronga whanaketanga ā muri ake nei ko:
·Auahatanga RauemiTe whakawhanake i ngā katote kaha-teitei (hei tauira, ngā waikura paparanga momo-O3) me ngā rauemi anode roa-ora hei whakanui ake i te kiato pūngao ki runga ake i te 200 Wh/kg.
·Arotautanga TukangaTe whakamahi i ngā raina whakaputa pākahiko lithium-ion kua pakeke hei whakanui ake i te hanga pākahiko konutai-ion me te whakaiti ake i ngā utu.
·Whakawhanui TaupāngaTe tāpiri atu ki ngā pākahiko lithium-ion hei hanga i tētahi kohinga hangarau rokiroki pūngao kanorau.
Whakamutunga
Ko te pikinga ake o ngā pākahiko konutai-ion ehara i te mea hei whakakapi i ngā pākahiko lithium-ion engari hei whakarato i tētahi huarahi penapena pūngao e whai hua ake ana, e haumaru ake ana hoki. I roto i te horopaki o te kore waro, ko tō rātou āhua ngāwari ki te whakamahi i ngā rauemi me te urutau ki te tono ka whakapūmau i tō rātou tūranga i roto i te ao penapena pūngao. Hei paionia i roto i te auahatanga hangarau pūngao,IA RĀka haere tonu te aro turuki i te whanaketanga o te hangarau pākahiko konutai-ion, me te whakapau kaha ki te whakarato i ngā otinga pūngao whai hua, pumau hoki ki ō mātou kiritaki.
Whai mai i a mātou mō ētahi atu whakahōutanga hangarau hou!
Te wā tuku: 25-Pepuere-2025
