Kupu Whakataki
Nō nā tata nei i whakaputa te Manatū Ahumahi me te Hangarau Mōhiohio (MIIT) o Haina i te paerewa GB38031-2025, e kiia nei ko te "mana haumaru pākahiko tino kaha," e whakahau ana me tutuki i ngā waka hiko hou katoa (NEV) te "kore ahi, kore pahū" i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino kino i mua i te 1 o Hūrae, 2026126. E tohu ana tēnei ture nui i tētahi panonitanga nui i roto i te ahumahi, e whakatairanga ana i te haumaru hei whakaritenga kore e taea te whiriwhiri. I konei, ka tūhuratia e mātou ngā tono hangarau e whanake haere ana mō ngā pākahiko me ngā whanaketanga e rite ana ki ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere Pūhiko (BMS) hei whakatutuki i ēnei wero.
1. Ngā Paerewa Haumaru Teitei mō ngā Pūhiko NEV
Ka whakauruhia e te paerewa GB38031-2025 ngā paearu pakari e tautuhi anō ana i te haumaru o te pākahiko:
- Te Ārai i te Rerenga Wera: Me tu atu ngā pākahiko i ngā āhuatanga tino kino, tae atu ki te werohanga whao, te utu nui rawa, me te werawera i te pāmahana teitei, me te kore e mura, e pahū rānei mō te 60 meneti pea te roa16. Mā tēnei ka whakakorea te ariā o mua o te "wā mawhiti", e hiahia ana kia haumaru ā-roto puta noa i te huringa ora o te pākahiko.
- Te Whakapai Ake i te Pūmautanga Hanganga: Mā ngā whakamātautau hou, pērā i te ātete pānga o raro (te whakatauira i ngā tukinga paru rori) me ngā aromatawai haumaru i muri i te huringa utu tere, ka whakarite kia pakari i roto i ngā āhuatanga o te ao tūturu26.
- Whakapai Ake i te Kiato o ngā Rauemi me te Pūngao: Ka whakamanahia e te paerewa he kiato pūngao iti rawa o te 125 Wh/kg mō ngā pākahiko lithium rino phosphate (LFP), e akiaki ana i ngā kaihanga ki te tango i ngā rauemi matatau pēnei i ngā paparanga nano-whakamātautau me ngā paninga uku16.
Mā ēnei whakaritenga ka tere ake te whakakore i ngā kaihanga taumata-iti, me te whakaū anō hoki i te mana o ngā kaiārahi ahumahi pēnei i a CATL me BYD, ā, kua rite kē ā rātou hangarau (hei tauira, te CTP 3.0 a CATL me te Blade Battery a BYD) ki ngā paerewa hou26.
2. Te Whanaketanga o te BMS: Mai i te Aroturukitanga ki te Haumaru Matatau
Hei "roro" o ngā pūnaha pākahiko, me whanake te BMS kia tutuki ai ngā whakahau a te GB38031-2025. Ko ngā au matua ko:
a. Tiwhikete Haumaru Mahi Teitei Ake
Me tutuki i te BMS te taumata teitei rawa o te haumaru o ngā motuka (ASIL-D i raro i te ISO 26262) kia haumaru ai ngā mahi. Hei tauira, ko te BMS o te whakatupuranga tuawhā a BAIC New Energy, i whakamanahia he ASIL-D i te tau 2024, ka whakaiti i ngā reiti rahunga taputapu mā te 90% mā te aroturuki wā-tūturu me te hoahoa tauutuutu3. He mea nui ēnei pūnaha mō te kimi hapa wawe me te ārai i te rere o te wera.
b. Te Whakaurunga o ngā Hangarau Pūrongo Matatau
He mea nui ngā tikanga whakatūpato wawe. Ka kitea e ngā pūoko hauwai, pērā i ngā mea i whakawhanakehia e Xinmeixin, ngā tukunga hau (hei tauira, H₂) i te wā o te rerenga wera wawe, ā, ka taea te whakarato i te whakatūpato i mua mō te 400 meneti. Ka tukuna e ēnei pūoko MEMS, kua whakamanahia i raro i te AEC-Q100, he tino aro me te pakari, ka taea ai ngā otinga haumaru taumata-pūkete he utu whai hua5.
c. BMS Whakahohehia e te Kapua me te Arotautanga e Ārahihia ana e te AI
Mā te whakaurunga kapua ka taea te tātari raraunga wā-tūturu me te tiaki matapae. Ka whakamahia e ngā kamupene pēnei i a NXP Semiconductors ngā māhanga matihiko e hangai ana ki te kapua hei whakapai ake i ngā rauropi, hei whakapai ake i te tika o te whakatau tataitanga o te āhua-o-te-utu (SOC) me te āhua-o-te-hauora (SOH) mā te 12%. Ka whakarei ake tēnei panoni i te whakahaere waka me te āhei i ngā rautaki utu urutau, ka roa ake te roa o te pākahiko.
d. Ngā Auahatanga Whai Hua i waenganui i te Pikinga o ngā Utu Whakatutukitanga
Mā te tutuki i ngā paerewa hou ka piki ake pea ngā utu pūnaha pākahiko mā te 15–20% nā te whakahoutanga o ngā rauemi (hei tauira, ngā electrolytes ātete-mura) me ngā hoahoa hanganga2. Heoi, ko ngā auahatanga pēnei i te hangarau CTP modular a CATL me ngā pūnaha whakahaere wera kua whakangawaritia ka āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā whakapaunga me te whakanui ake i te kiato pūngao68.
3. Ngā Pānga Whānui ki te Ahumahi
Te Hurihanga o te Mekameka Tuku: Neke atu i te 30% o ngā kamupene pākahiko iti-ki-waenga ka wehe atu pea i te mākete nā ngā arai hangarau me te pūtea, ā, ka hohonu ake te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā kaihanga motuka me ngā kaiārahi hangarau (hei tauira, CATL me BYD)12.
Ngā Mahi Tahi-Ahumahi: Kei te horapa ngā whanaketanga haumaru i roto i ngā pākahiko NEV ki ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao (ESS), e hiahia ana ngā tono tauine whatunga ki te pono o te "kore ahi, kore pahū"2.
Kaiārahi Ao: Kei te rite ngā paerewa o Haina ki te awe i ngā paerewa o te ao, me ngā kamupene pēnei i a Xinmeixin e kaweake ana i ngā hangarau pūoko hauwai ki ngā mākete o te ao5.
Whakamutunga
Ko te paerewa GB38031-2025 he wāhanga whakarerekētanga mō te rāngai NEV o Haina, te wāhi e tūtaki ai te haumaru me te auahatanga. Mō ngā kaihanga pākahiko, ko te oranga tonutanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te matatau ki te whakahaere wera me te pūtaiao rauemi. Mō ngā kaiwhakawhanake BMS, ko te heke mai kei roto i ngā pūnaha atamai, hono-kapua e ārai ana i ngā mōrearea kaua ki te tauhohe ki aua mōrearea. I te nekehanga o te umanga mai i te "tipu ahakoa te utu" ki te auahatanga "haumaru-tuatahi", ko ngā kamupene e whakauru ana i ēnei mātāpono ki roto i ō rātou DNA ka ārahi i te wā e whai ake nei o te nekenekehanga pumau.
Me tatari mai mō ētahi atu whakahōutanga e pā ana ki ngā whanaketanga ture me ngā hangarau hou e hanga ana i te heke mai o ngā waka pūngao hou.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-22-2025
