Hīkoi i ngā tauranga o tētahi marina hou, ā, ka kitea e koe ngā poti e whakaatu ana te tūtohituhi i ngā raraunga miihini, e pānui ana te pailoti aunoa i te pūoko hau, ā, e ripoata ana te pēke pākahiko i tōna āhua utu ki te whakaaturanga potae — puta noa i tētahi taura kotahi e rere ana i roto i te anga. Ko te hangarau kei muri i taua whakaurunga ko te NMEA 2000®, te kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kua noho hei reo noa mō ngā hikohiko moana.
E whakamārama ana tēnei aratohu i te mahi a te kawa NMEA 2000: te whatunga e whakahaerehia ana, te pūnaha karere e whakamahia ana, te hononga o ngā taputapu ki te whatunga, me ngā mea e hiahiatia ana kia whai wāhi ai te pūnaha pākahiko lithium. Ahakoa kei te whakamahere koe i tētahi whakahoutanga hiko, kei te tautuhi rānei i ngā whakaritenga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mō tētahi kaupapa pākahiko OEM, ko te mārama ki te kawa te taahiraa tuatahi ki tētahi pūnaha e kōrero ana ngā mea katoa ki ngā mea katoa.
He aha te NMEA 2000?
He kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero paerewa te NMEA 2000 e āhei ai ngā taputapu hiko moana — ngā whakaaturanga, ngā pūoko, ngā miihini, me ngā pūnaha pākahiko — ki te tohatoha raraunga mā te whatunga kotahi. I whakawhanakehia e te National Marine Electronics Association, i hangaia i runga i te hangarau pahi CAN (Whatunga Rohe Mana Whakahaere) ā, ka taea ai e ngā taputapu mai i ngā kaihanga rerekē te whakawhitiwhiti mōhiohio me te kore e hiahiatia he waea ritenga i waenga i ia takirua taputapu.
He tohu hokohoko rēhita a NMEA 2000® nā te National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA), te rōpū kei te US e whakawhanake ana, e pupuri ana hoki i ngā paerewa hiko moana. E tautuhia ana e te kawa he whatunga iti te utu, e rua ngā ahunga, he maha ngā tuku, he maha ngā kaiwhiwhi: ka taea e tētahi taputapu whaimana te tuku me te whiwhi raraunga, ka whirihorahia e te whatunga ia ia anō, ā, kāore he kaiwhakahaere matua e whakawhirinakihia ana ngā mea katoa.
He mea nui ake taua kōrero whakamutunga i te mea e whakaarohia ana. I runga i te whatunga NMEA 2000, ki te rahua tētahi taputapu, ka haere tonu te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a ētahi atu. Whakatauritea tēnā ki ngā waea tawhito, i reira ka noho tonu tētahi taputapu kotahi ki waenganui o te mekameka raraunga — ā, i te rahua o taua taputapu, ka pōuri ia taputapu i runga i ōna raraunga.
I roto i te mahi, ka whakamahia e ngā rangatira poti me ngā kaihanga te NMEA 2000 hei whakauru i ngā raraunga whakatere, ngā tawhā miihini, ngā taumata tāke, ngā pūoko taiao, me — e piki haere ana — ngā raraunga pākahiko ki runga i te tuara kotahi, e kitea ana mai i tētahi whakaaturanga hototahi i runga i te poti.
NMEA 2000 vs NMEA 0183: Ngā Mea i Hurihia
I mua i te NMEA 2000, ko te NMEA 0183 te kaupapa matua o ngā taputapu hiko moana, he kawa raupapa i whakaurua mai i te tīmatanga o te tekau tau atu i 1980. Kei te kitea tonu te NMEA 0183 i runga i te maha o ngā kaipuke, ā, mā te mārama ki te rerekētanga ka mārama te take i neke whakamua ai te umanga.
He kawa raupapa tohu-ki-tohu te NMEA 0183. Kotahi te taputapu — te "kaikōrero" — e tuku ana i ngā rerenga tuhinga ASCII i te 4,800 baud (i tāpirihia he momo tere-teitei 38,400-baud i muri mai, ko te nuinga mō ngā raraunga aroturuki oko AIS) ki tētahi, neke atu rānei "kaiwhakarongo." Ka taea e te kaiwhakarongo te whiwhi mai i tētahi kaikōrero kotahi anake, nō reira ko te hono i ngā taputapu maha he maha ngā taputapu, he arai, me ngā hoahoa waea i nui haere te uaua me ia taputapu tāpiri.
I whakakapia taua tauira e te NMEA 2000 ki tētahi whatunga tūturu:
| Āhuatanga | NMEA 0183 | NMEA 2000 |
|---|---|---|
| Hanganga | Kaikōrero takitahi, kōrero-ki-te-ira → kaiwhakarongo | Whatunga maha-taka, ka kōrero, ka whakarongo hoki ngā taputapu katoa |
| Paparanga ā-tinana | Raupapa (tohu momo RS-422/RS-232) | Pahi CAN, takirua miro rerekētanga |
| Tere | 4,800 pao (38,400 momo tere-teitei) | 250 kbit/s |
| Hōputu raraunga | Ngā rerenga tuhinga ASCII (mōrahi 82 ngā pūāhua) | Ngā anga rua kiato |
| Paerewa ā-ao | IEC 61162-1 | IEC 61162-3 |
| Te tāpiri i tētahi pūrere | He waea hou, he maha pea ngā taputapu | Tukua te taura ki te tuarā |
| Te whanonga rahunga | Ka pakaru te mekameka i te korenga o te kaikorero | Ka haere tonu te whatunga me te kore he pona i rahua |
Kāore e hototahi ngā paerewa e rua. Kāore e taea e te taputapu NMEA 0183 te hono tika ki te whatunga NMEA 2000; me whai taputapu kuaha hei whakawhiti i waenga i ngā mea e rua mō ngā whakaurunga whakauru. Mō ngā hanganga hou me ngā whakahoutanga, ko te NMEA 2000 te whiringa taunoa — koia te take e hiahia ana ngā pūnaha pākahiko kua hangaia mō te whakamahinga moana ki te kōrero i taua mea.
Te Mahi a te Kawa: CAN Bus me ngā PGN
I raro i te taupoki, kua hangaia te NMEA 2000 i runga i te Whatunga Rohe Mana Whakahaere (CAN) — te hangarau pahi kotahi kua whakamatauria mō ngā tekau tau i roto i ngā pūnaha motuka me ngā pūnaha ahumahi — e rere ana i te 250 kbit/s. Ko tā te NMEA 2000 e tāpiri ana ki runga i te CAN mata ko tētahi paparanga tono paerewa e tino awehia ana e te SAE J1939 (te whānau kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taraka me ngā waka taumaha): he papakupu tiritahi e whakaatu ana ki ia taputapu he aha te tikanga o ngā paita i runga i te waea.
Kua whakaritea taua papakupu ki roto iNgā Tau Rōpū Tawhā (PGN)He momo karere kua tautuhia ia PGN: kei tētahi PGN te tūnga GPS, kei tētahi te RPM miihini, kei tētahi te hohonu wai. Ka haere ngā karere hei anga CAN mā te whakamahi i tētahi tohu 29-bit me tētahi mara raraunga 8-byte; ka wehea ngā karere nui ake puta noa i ngā anga maha, ā, ka huihuia anō e te kaiwhiwhi. Nā te mea he rite tonu te whakamaoritanga a ia taputapu whaimana i ngā PGN, ka taea e te whakaaturanga Garmin te pānui i ngā raraunga mai i tētahi kuwaha miihini Yamaha me tētahi pūoko tāke tuatoru me te kore e mahi tahi tētahi o aua kaihanga.
Mō ngā pūnaha pākahiko, ka mahi tētahi rōpū motuhake o ngā PGN:
- PGN 127508 – Tūnga Pūhiko: te ngaohiko, te iahiko, me te pāmahana mō tētahi tauira pākahiko
- PGN 127506 – Tūnga Taipitopito o DC: te āhua o te kawenga, te āhua o te hauora, me te wā e toe ana
- PGN 127513 – Tūnga Whirihoranga Pūhikongā mōhiohio mō te ngaohiko ingoa, te matū, me te kaha
Ka haere motuhake ngā āhuatanga whakaoho me ngā āhuatanga whakatūpato, mā te karere whakatūpato paerewa a te whatunga (PGN 126983) — koinei te āhua o te hapa pākahiko hei whakatūpato e kitea ana, e rangona ana i te urungi, kaua hei haki wahangu i roto i te kete.
Ina tukuna ēnei PGN e te pūnaha whakahaere pākahiko (BMS) e te keti pākahiko rānei ki te whatunga, ka taea e tetahi whakaaturanga kei runga i te papa e tautoko ana i ēnei PGN te whakaatu i te ngaohiko o te kete, te kukume iahiko, me te āhua o te utu — me te kore e tāpiri i tētahi mata aroturuki pākahiko motuhake ki te urungi. Ka tohaina he tau tauira ki ia pākahiko, koinei te huarahi e wehewehe ai te whatunga i te pēke whare mai i te pākahiko tīmatanga me te whakaatu motuhake i a rātou.
Ko tēnei paparanga PGN te pūwāhi tika e tūtaki ai ngā hikohiko pākahiko lithium ki ngā hikohiko moana, ā, koinei te wāhi e angitu ai, e tū ai rānei ngā kaupapa whakauru. Ko te BMS e ine ana i ngā mea katoa engari kāore e tuku i tetahi mea ka whakanoho i ngā raraunga tika ki tētahi wāhi kāore e kitea e tetahi; ko te BMS e whakatinana ana i te pākahiko, ka waiho aua raraunga hei wāhanga o te waka.
Hanganga Whatunga NMEA 2000
I te taha tinana, he māmā, he pakari hoki te āhua o te whatunga NMEA 2000 — ā, he āhuatanga motuhake te pakari, nā te mea ka taea te matapae i ngā whatunga.
[TE HOAHOA TAKE TUATAHI I KONEI — te āhua whatunga e whakaatu ana i te tuarā, ngā kaiwhakamutu, ngā taura taka, me ngā taputapu tae atu ki te MFD, te kuwaha miihini, ngā pūoko, me te pēke pākahiko lithium me te BMS. Kuputuhi rerekē: "Hoahoa whatunga NMEA 2000 me te pūnaha pākahiko e hono ana mā te taura taka"]
E whā ngā huānga e hangaia ana te whatunga:
Te tuarāko te taura matua o te pūtu e rere ana i roto i te oko. Ka honoa ia taputapu ki reira; kāore he taputapu e hono tika ana ki tētahi atu taputapu.
Ngā ātete whakamututaupokina ngā pito e rua o te tuarā. Me whakamutu te tohu pahi CAN i ia pito o te pūtake hei ārai i ngā whakaata tohu — ko te terminator ngaro, takirua rānei te take noa o te whatunga hē.
Ngā taura takahonoa ia taputapu ki te tuarā mā roto i ngā hononga-T. Ka tautuhia e te paerewa ngā roa mōrahi mō te tuarā me ngā hekenga takitahi, e pupuri ana i te wā tohu i roto i ngā whakaritenga i te tipu haere o ngā whatunga.
Mana whatungaka tukuna mā runga i te tuarā tonu. Kei te kawe te taura NMEA 2000 i tana ake whāngai mana mō ngā atanga whatunga o ngā taputapu hono, motuhake mai i ngā kawenga DC matua o te waka.
Ka whakamahia e ngā taputapu ngā hononga 5-pine paerewa (ko te tikanga he Micro-C) i runga i te taura takirua-whiri kua āraia, e whakamahi ana i te tohu rerekētanga hei ārai i te haruru — he painga nui tēnei i roto i tētahi taiao e kī ana i ngā kaitahuri, ngā kaitahuri, me ngā tuku reo irirangi.
Mō te tāutanga pākahiko, kotahi te tikanga mahi a tēnei hoahoa hei whakamahere wawe: me whai ara taura taka-taura te atanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero o te pēke pākahiko ki te tuarā, ā, me whirihora ngā whatunga he maha ngā pēke pākahiko kia puta ai ia pēke hei pūtake motuhake i runga i ngā whakaaturanga.
He aha ngā Pūrere e Hono ana ki te Whatunga NMEA 2000
Tata ki ngā kāwai katoa o ngā taputapu hiko moana e tukuna ana me te hononga NMEA 2000:
Ngā whakaaturanga maha-mahi (MFD)ko rātou ngā kaihoko raraunga whatunga — ka pānuihia ngā PGN e ngā mīhini tuhi tūtohi me ngā whakaaturanga taputapu mai i ngā waitohu hiko moana nui, ā, ka whakaaturia ki te kaiwhakahaere. I te nuinga o ngā kaipuke, ko te MFD te wāhi e kitea ai ngā raraunga pākahiko.
Ngā kuwaha miihinite whakamāori i ngā raraunga motuhake o te miihini ki te whatunga, ka whakanoho i te RPM, te rere wahie, me ngā whakaoho miihini ki ngā whakaaturanga kotahi me ngā mea katoa.
Ngā Pūoko— te hōhonutanga, te hau, te GPS, te pāmahana, te taumata tāke, te rere o te wahie — koia ngā kaihanga raraunga o te whatunga, e tuku ana i tana ake huinga PGN.
Ngā pairati aunoa me ngā reo irirangiE whakamahi ana ēnei i ngā raraunga whakatere, ā, mō ngā reo irirangi VHF me te DSC (Digital Selective Calling), ka whakamahi i ngā raraunga GPS whatunga mō ngā waeatanga āwangawanga.
Ngā taputapu pākahiko me te hikoko te kāwai tino tere te tipu. Ko ngā aroturuki pākahiko, ngā shunt, ngā mita pūngao DC, me ngā pūnaha pākahiko lithium me ngā hiko BMS kaha-whakawhitiwhiti ka tuku i te rōpū PGN pākahiko kua whakaahuatia i runga ake nei, ka huri i te whakaaturanga potae hei mata whakahaere mana. He kaupapa hohonu te pānui me te whakamaoritanga o ngā raraunga pākahiko lithium e ngā whakaaturanga moana, ā, ka kapihia e mātou i roto i tana ake aratohu.Te Pānui a te Hikohiko Moana i ngā Raraunga Pūhiko Ritiumu →
Mena kei te arotake koe i tētahi pākahiko lithium mō tētahi poti, me whakauru te āheinga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki roto i te rārangi arowhai me ngā whakatauranga kaha me te tukunga atu — ka hipokina e tā mātou aratohu whiriwhiri pākahiko lithium moana me pēhea te paunatia ki te toenga o ngā whakaritenga.Aratohu Kōwhiri Pūhiko Ritiumu Moana →
Tiwhikete me te Whakatutukitanga
Ko tētahi āhuatanga o te NMEA 2000 e miharo ana te tini o ngā kaihoko: ehara i te mea he kawa tuwhera, he kawa whakamahi-ahakoa-ahakoa. He paerewa raihana te NMEA 2000, ā, me whai tiwhikete ngā hua katoa e pānui ana, e tuku ana rānei i ngā raraunga NMEA 2000 i raro i te Whakaaetanga Raihana NMEA 2000 (pūtake:NMEAKa taea te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau tiwhikete e te kaihanga mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tiwhikete a te NMEA, e tētahi atu rōpū rānei, ā, ko ngā utu raihana o te paerewa he mea whakarite kia rite ki te ahumahi.
He take whaihua te whaimana: koinei te mea e whakamana ana i te oati mahi tahi "ahakoa he aha te taputapu, ahakoa he aha te waitohu". Kua whakaatuhia e te taputapu whaimana ka tika tana tuku karere whakahau, ka whakautu tika ki ngā tono whakahaere whatunga, ā, kāore e whakararuraru i te pahi mō ētahi atu.
Mō ngā kaihanga OEM me ngā kaiwhakauru pūnaha, he pānga whakamahere tēnei. Ina hangaia he pūnaha pākahiko whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki roto i tētahi poti, ko te tiwhikete he taahiraa kua tautuhia i roto i te ara hua — me ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau taputapu me te pūmanawa kua tuhia — kaua ki te whakaaro i muri mai. Ko wai e tiwhikete ana i te aha, me te taumata o te hua kua oti, he pātai hei whakatau wawe i roto i tētahi kaupapa. Ka tirohia e mātou te huarahi e whakahaerehia ai e ngā tīma OEM te whakaurunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te ara tiwhikete i roto i tā mātou aratohu whakaurunga OEM.Me pēhea te whakauru a ngā OEM i te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero NMEA 2000 →
Ngā Pūnaha Pūhiko NMEA 2000 me te Ritiumu
Nā ngā pākahiko rino phosphate lithium (LiFePO4) i whakarerekē te mahi a ngā pūnaha hiko moana — te kaha whakamahi nui ake, te tere o te utu, ā — mā roto i ngā hiko whakahaere pākahiko e mau ana — he nui ake ngā raraunga kei runga i te kaipuke. Engari ka hangaia he uara e aua raraunga ina tae atu ki te kaiwhakahaere, ā, i runga i tētahi kaipuke he hiko whatunga, ko te huarahi tika rawa atu ki te kaiwhakahaere ko te whatunga NMEA 2000.
Ka whai wāhi te pūnaha pākahiko lithium ki te whatunga mā roto i tana BMS, mā roto rānei i tētahi kēti whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e whakamāori ana i ngā raraunga BMS ki roto i ngā PGN pākahiko paerewa. Kia tae ki te whatunga, ka puta te āhua o te utu ki te tūtohiplotter, ka whakaohohia e ngā āhuatanga ngaohiko iti ngā whakaoho i te urungi kaua i roto i te wāhanga pākahiko, ā, ka taea te aroturuki taha-taha i ngā pēke pākahiko maha mā roto i ā rātou tau tauira.
Mō ngā kaupapa pākahiko ritenga me ngā kaupapa OEM, he rite tonu te pakari o ngā whakaritenga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki ngā whakaritenga hiko. He motuhake ngā pātai e whakatau ana i te angitu o te whakaurunga: Ko ēhea PGN me tuku e te pūnaha? E hia ngā tauira pākahiko ka whakahaerehia e te waka? Me whai hononga whatunga taketake, me whai hoahoa kēti rānei te kaupapa? Kei te whakahaerehia te tiwhikete i te taumata pākahiko, i te taumata pūnaha waka rānei?
E tautoko ana te tīma hangarau o DALY i te whakaurunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero NMEA 2000 mō ngā kaupapa pākahiko moana, me te urutau kawa e wātea ana kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga o te kaupapa. Mena kei te whakamahere koe i tētahi kaupapa pākahiko lithium ritenga, tohaina te momo o tō waka, te whirihoranga pākahiko, me ngā raraunga e hiahiatia ana e ō whakaaturanga kia whakaatuhia i te wāhanga RFQ (tono mō te whakahua utu) — ka whakautu tā mātou tīma hangarau me te taunakitanga kaupapa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te whakahua utu. Ko te tautuhi wawe i te huinga PGN, te whirihoranga tauira, me te ara tiwhikete te rerekētanga i waenga i te whakaurunga ka taka ki te wāhi tika me te mea ka hangaia anō i te whakamātautau moana.
Ngā Pātai Auau
Q1He aha te pūtake o te kawa NMEA 2000?
Kua hangaia te NMEA 2000 i runga i te hangarau pahi CAN (Whatunga Rohe Mana Whakahaere), me te paparanga tono moana paerewa i awehia e te SAE J1939. Ko te turanga CAN e whakarato ana i te whatunga ā-tinana me te whakahaere hapa; ko te paparanga NMEA 2000 e tautuhi ana i te tikanga o ngā karere.
Q2He rite tonu te NMEA 2000 ki te pahi CAN?
Kāo. Ko te pahi CAN te hangarau whatunga matua; he paerewa kawa katoa a NMEA 2000 i hangaia ki runga ake i tēnei. Ka taea e ngā taputapu e rua te whakamahi i te CAN, engari kāore tonu e taea te mārama tetahi ki tetahi — ko ngā whakamāramatanga karere PGN a NMEA 2000 te mea e hanga ana i te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā taputapu moana.
Q3I tēhea te tere o te oma o te NMEA 2000?
E 250 kbit/s te tere o te mahi a te NMEA 2000 — tata ki te rima tekau ngā wā tere atu i te paerewa 4,800-baud NMEA 0183, ā, he tere hoki hei kawe i ngā raraunga whakatere, miihini, me te pākahiko mō tētahi kaipuke noa i runga i te tuara kotahi.
Q4Ka taea e ngā pākahiko lithium te hono atu ki tētahi whatunga NMEA 2000?
Āe. Ka hono te pūnaha pākahiko lithium ki te whatunga mā te BMS, mā te kuwaha rānei e tuku ana i ngā PGN pākahiko paerewa — 127508 (Tūnga Pūhiko), 127506 (Tūnga Taipitopito DC), me te 127513 (Tūnga Whirihoranga Pūhiko) — e āhei ai ngā whakaaturanga hototahi ki te whakaatu i te ngaohiko, te iahiko, me te āhua o te utu. Ko te huarahi whakatinanatanga (atanga taketake, kuwaha rānei) kua tautuhia mō ia kaupapa.
- Īmēra:dalybms@dalyelec.com
Whārangi hua Smart BMS:https://www.dalybms.com/smart-bms/
Wā tuku: Hurae-25-2026
